What term describes the quantity of motion that a body possesses?

The term that describes the quantity of motion that a body possesses is momentum. Momentum is defined as the product of an object’s mass and its velocity, which means it provides a measure of how much motion an object has and how difficult it would be to stop it. This concept is fundamental in physics because it highlights the relationship between mass and velocity in determining how much motion a body has.

While force refers to an influence that causes an object to undergo a change in speed, direction, or shape, it does not directly quantify the motion itself. Velocity describes the speed of an object in a specific direction but is not a measure of the overall motion since it does not take mass into account. Energy is a broader concept that relates to the ability of an object to do work or produce change but does not specifically capture the idea of motion in terms of the object's mass and speed.

Thus, in the context of motion, momentum is the most accurate term to describe the quantity associated with the inertia and movement of an object.