What is the medical condition characterized by the body's inability to regulate insulin?

The medical condition characterized by the body's inability to regulate insulin is diabetes. In diabetes, either the pancreas does not produce adequate insulin, or the body becomes resistant to the effects of insulin, which is essential for glucose (sugar) metabolism. This leads to elevated levels of glucose in the blood, which can result in various health complications if not managed properly.

Insulin plays a crucial role in helping cells absorb glucose from the bloodstream and using it for energy or storing it for future use. When this process is disrupted, it can lead to the symptoms and complications associated with diabetes, including cardiovascular problems, nerve damage, and kidney issues.

The other health conditions listed do not primarily involve the regulation of insulin. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure, hypoglycemia involves low blood sugar levels, and obesity is characterized by excessive body fat but does not specifically relate to insulin regulation by itself, although it can be associated with type 2 diabetes.